Introduction
Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Guru of Sikhism, stands as a divine symbol of bravery, spirituality, and sacrifice. He was not only a spiritual master but also a fearless warrior, a poet, and a visionary leader who gave the Sikh faith its final form. His life and teachings continue to inspire millions around the world, especially in upholding righteousness and justice.
Birth and Early Life
Guru Gobind Singh Ji was born on 22nd December 1666 in Patna Sahib, Bihar, India. His birth name was Gobind Rai. He belonged to the Sodhi lineage, a prominent family in Sikh tradition. His early years were filled with spiritual learning, physical training, and exposure to the wisdom of Sikh philosophy.
Family and Father
Guru Gobind Singh Ji was the son of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, the ninth Guru of Sikhism, and Mata Gujri Ji. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was known for his unmatched sacrifice. He gave up his life to protect the religious freedom of Hindus against forced conversions by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s four sons, known as the Sahibzade—Ajit Singh, Jujhar Singh, Zorawar Singh, and Fateh Singh—are remembered for their extraordinary courage and sacrifice, all martyred at young ages defending their faith. The family’s legacy is a powerful example of devotion, bravery, and spiritual leadership that continues to inspire Sikhs worldwide
Major Contributions
1. Creation of the Khalsa (1699)
On Baisakhi Day in 1699, Guru Gobind Singh Ji created the Khalsa Panth—a community of saint-soldiers committed to protecting righteousness and fighting injustice. He gave the Sikhs a unique identity, the five Ks (Kesh, Kangha, Kara, Kachera, and Kirpan) and gave them the surname “Singh” (Lion) and “Kaur” (Princess), breaking caste divisions and empowering all.
2. Finalizing the Guru Granth Sahib Ji
Guru Gobind Singh Ji declared the Guru Granth Sahib Ji as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs. He ended the line of human Gurus, emphasizing that the divine wisdom resides in the scripture, not a person.
3. Literary Legacy
Guru Ji was a great poet and scholar. He composed many spiritual and heroic writings, compiled in Dasam Granth Sahib, which includes powerful compositions like Jaap Sahib, Bachitar Natak, and Zafarnama (his letter to Aurangzeb). His writings encourage strength, devotion, and divine love.
4. Martyrdom of His Four Sons (Chaar Sahibzaade)
Guru Gobind Singh Ji's four sons became martyrs in the fight against tyranny. The two elder sons, Ajit Singh Ji and Jujhar Singh Ji, died in battle. The younger sons, Zorawar Singh Ji and Fateh Singh Ji, were bricked alive by the Mughals for refusing to convert to Islam. Despite immense personal loss, Guru Ji remained strong, showing his commitment to a higher cause.
Banis of Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Guru Gobind Singh Ji was a prolific writer, philosopher, and poet. Many of his spiritual and heroic compositions are compiled in the Dasam Granth Sahib. These Banis are recited daily by Sikhs and instill both humility and fearlessness. Some of the most significant Banis include:
1. Jaap Sahib
A powerful hymn written in praise of God’s countless virtues and forms. Jaap Sahib emphasizes the limitlessness and formlessness of the Divine and is part of Nitnem (daily prayer).
2. Akal Ustat
Meaning "Praise of the Timeless One," this Bani glorifies the greatness and unity of God, emphasizing equality and the oneness of all creation.
3. Tav-Prasad Savaiye
A deeply moving Bani that rejects blind rituals and calls for internal devotion and divine understanding. Often recited as part of evening Nitnem.
4. Benti Chaupai Sahib
This prayer is for protection and spiritual strength. Sikhs recite it for courage, especially in challenging times.
5. Zafarnama
A Persian letter composed by Guru Ji and sent to Emperor Aurangzeb. In this, Guru Ji speaks truth to power, describing the emperor's broken promises and declaring the moral strength of a true Khalsa.
Creation of the Khalsa Panth
On Baisakhi 1699, Guru Gobind Singh Ji founded the Khalsa Panth, a fearless and spiritual brotherhood. He initiated the Panj Pyare with Amrit (Khande di Pahul) and gave the Khalsa its distinct identity with the Five Ks – Kesh, Kara, Kachera, Kangha, Kirpan. In a powerful gesture of equality, Guru Ji himself received Amrit from the Panj Pyare.
Conclusion
Guru Gobind Singh Ji's legacy is one of spiritual elevation and fearless living. Through his Banis, he infused Sikhs with divine wisdom. Through the Khalsa, he created a community that upholds justice and truth. His teachings continue to guide the world, reminding us to stay connected to Waheguru and to stand firm against oppression.
“Sava lakh se ek laraun, tabhi Gobind Singh naam kahaun.”
(I will make one fight against a hundred and twenty-five thousand – only then shall I be called Gobind Singh.)